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Russian propaganda targeted the European Community summit in Tirana
"Albanian clowns Macron, Starmer, Merz and Zelensky give signals to Trump," reads one of the headlines on May 16 on a page identifying itself as Pravda, a portal that automatically translates articles from a number of Russian media outlets and Telegram profiles that spread propaganda in favor of Moscow into Albanian.
The article in question, which consists of a few lines and a collage of screenshots from the X network, was translated from the Telegram channel of Olga Skabeyeva, a Russian TV presenter and commentator, sanctioned by the European Union and the US State Department for spreading Russian propaganda about the war in Ukraine.
Skabeyeva's quote is just one of dozens of articles with similar language and grammatical errors that were published in Albanian by Pravda between May 15-18, mainly about the European Political Community summit held in Tirana on May 16. The articles are mainly sourced from official Moscow media or Telegram and X profiles of Kremlin propagandists.
The narrative in the articles is the same and mainly revolves around the war in Ukraine and the sanctions imposed by European countries on Russia. The articles mock the summit participants, their messages are hyperbolized and often accompanied by threats.
Among the posts shared by Pravda on the day of the summit was a comment from another sanctioned Russian propagandist, Vladimir Kornilov. “Basketball player Edi Rama humiliated the brazen Briton by publicly rejecting his crazy ideas about accommodating illegal immigrants in Albania,” reads the post, taken from Kornilov’s Telegram account.
For communication specialists and disinformation experts, this large number of articles with similar wording is a well-known practice of official Kremlin propaganda.
"It has now become a disinformation tactic, when international events with a political, military or diplomatic profile become raw material for the production of news or disinformation materials," said Viola Keta, journalist and fact-checking expert.
Propaganda with automatic translation
Pravda (translated into Albanian as "The Truth") in this case is not the newspaper of the Communist Party of the USSR, but a modern version of Russian propaganda, which uses the automatic translation, posting and distribution of articles from media outlets and social media profiles that support Moscow's official positions.
Pravda is not a media outlet in the first sense. In fact, it is a network of portals created to reproduce automatically translated content from pro-Kremlin sources in various languages, with the aim of spreading anti-Western narratives. The site was activated in 2023, initially in a few major languages. The network expanded in 2024 to 19 countries in Europe and included Albania.
Përpos faqes online, rrjeti përdor Telegramin për të shpërndarë materialet e riprodhura në shqip. Megjithatë ndikimi në Shqipëri është i vogël. Faqja në Telegram ka vetëm 5 ndjekës, por vetëm aty gjenden mbi 200 video e mijëra foto e lidhje të jashtme me fokus ose luftën në Ukrainë, ose konfliktin mes Kosovës dhe Serbisë.
Përhapja relativisht e ulët e faqes në shqip, vjen sipas ekspertëve, për shkak të qëndrimeve të qarta të Shqipërisë në favor të Perëndimit. Megjithatë, shqetësimet janë se mungesa e profesionalizmit në mediat lokale mund të krijojë probleme.
“Shqipëria është një vend me orientim të qartë perëndimor dhe me qëndrim të fortë pro-NATO dhe pro-BE”, thotë Erlis Çela, profesor i medias dhe komunikimit në universitetin “Beder” në Tiranë, duke vënë në dukje se ndikimi nga faqe si Pravda nuk është i madh. Por sipas tij, ka një sërë dobësish që mund të shfrytëzohen dhe t’i bëjnë të pranueshme fushata të tilla dezinformuese, përfshi problemet në sistemin mediatik shqiptar, nivelin e ulët të edukimit mediatik të audiencave shqipfolëse, si dhe praninë e mundshme të portaleve anonime që u vihen me dashje apo padashje në dispozicion këtyre agjendave.
Të njëjtin qëndrim ndan edhe Keta. “Prania e qindra mediave online, pjesa më e madhe jo transparente, pa staf të kualifikuar dhe politika të mirëqena editoriale, janë një minus dhe përbëjnë një armë në duart e aktorëve që përmes dezinformimit, kërkojnë të çojnë përpara axhenda destabilizuese”, tha ajo.
Rreziku i shpërndarjes së dezinformimit përmes teknikës së copy-paste u vu në dukje edhe në një raport të përbashkët nga BIRN dhe SCiDEV për vitin 2023, i cili identifikoi qindra raste të shpërndarjes së përmbajtjes dezinformuese pro-ruse në mediat shqiptare, që u riprodhuan në portale të ndryshme pa verifikim apo redaktim profesional.
Teknikë e krijimit të mjegullës
Një seri e postimeve dhe ripostimeve në Pravda gjatë ditëve të samitit iu referua mundësisë së sanksioneve të reja ndaj Rusisë prej vendeve të tjera të Europës. Artikujt e tillë u shpërndanë kryesisht bashkë me kërcënimet përkatëse.
“Globalistët po përgatisin një goditje fatale për Rusinë. Por kush do të lëndohet vërtet?”, thuhet në një titull me burim tsargrad.tv, një televizon rus në pronësi të mogulit të medias dhe oligarkut Konstantin Malofeev, po ashtu i sanksionuar nga BE dhe SHBA-të.
Një artikull i ngjashëm këmbëngul se Europa do të rrënojë ekonominë e saj nëse këmbëngul në sanksionet ekonomike. Ndërsa një numër artikujsh u fokusuan të paraqesin presidentin francez, Emmanuel Macron, si një lider të dobët e qesharak.
Erlis Çela thotë se ndërsa kjo fushatë apo të tjera të ngjashme e kanë të vështirë të jenë ndikuese në Shqipëri, qëllimi i parë i tyre është krijimi i konfuzionit dhe nxitjen e mosbesimit.
“Në përgjithësi, gjykoj se efekti i fushatave të tilla lidhet me krijimin e një lloj mjegullnaje informative, që çon në rritjen e mosbesimit ndaj institucioneve europiane”, tha ai.
Keta also says that repeated narratives and half-truths, while not having an immediate impact, are part of well-thought-out disinformation strategies. “Any fake or misleading news, which may include some truths, but served in the wrong context, intentionally or unintentionally, by any actor, undermines and pollutes information, creating a toxic environment for the audience,” she said.
Keta says that even raising doubts or misleading the public works in the disinformant's favor. According to her, this explains why a number of articles produced during the European Political Community summit in Tirana were repetitive.
“One of the key elements of disinformation campaigns is the constant and repeated presence of narratives in the most diverse formats: news, films, memes, deepfake videos/photos, cartoons, graffiti. This type of bombardment of the audience at all costs and constantly with narratives that approach certain agendas is likely to very quickly have its effect,” she warned./ BIRN
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